- Introduction- We will learn about DNA Replication and Repair
- DNA Replication-DNA replication is the process of copying a double-stranded DNA molecule. Both strands serve as templates for the reproduction of the opposite strand. In a cell,DNA replication begins at specific places in the genome, called origins.
- RNA-Short for ribonucleic acid. The nucleic acid that is used in key metabolic processes for all steps of protein synthesis in all living cells and carries the genetic information of many viruses. Unlike double-stranded DNA, RNA consists of a single strand of nucleotides, and it occurs in a variety of lengths and shapes.
- DNA Cloning-DNA cloning is a molecular biology technique that makes many identical copies of a piece of DNA, such as a gene. In a typical cloning experiment, a targetgene is inserted into a circular piece of DNA called a plasmid.
- DNA Reparing-DNA repair is a collection of processes by which a cell identifies and corrects damage to the DNA molecules that encode its genome. … Other lesions induce potentially harmful mutations in the cell’s genome, which affect the survival of its daughter cells after it undergoes mitosis
- Current researcher who are studying DNA Replication and Repair. What does the research indicates. – Researchers from the University of Copenhagen have identified a specific mechanism that protects our cells from natural DNA errors – an ‘enemy within’ – which could permanently damage our genetic code and lead to diseases such as cancer. The study has just been published in one of the most influential scientific journals, Nature Cell Biology.
Researchers from the University of Copenhagen have discovered a mechanism that gives human cells a chance to stop piling up mutations cells replicate and divide in the body. The discovery could prove to be very useful in the development of new treatments against diseases caused by changes in human DNA such as cancer.
To limit harmful changes in the genetic code that may lead to potential diseases, the cells in our body rely on a natural defense mechanism. The new study shows how specialised proteins engulf and protect the damaged DNA and ‘escort’ it until the damage can be repaired. The researchers discovered that this process relies on precise timing and meticulous control inside the cells.
‘We have discovered a specific mechanism in human cells that delay propagation of DNA damage in successive generations of dividing cells. This discovery helps us understand how our bodies protect themselves from many types of cancer’, says Professor Jiri Lukas, Head of the Chromosome Stability and Dynamics Group and Executive Director of the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research at the University of Copenhagen.
The researchers also found that the key molecular part of this ‘repair toolkit’ is an enzyme called RAD52, which as a result of this study now qualifies as a true member of the tumour suppressor family of proteins that guards our DNA against cancer-predisposing mutations.
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This knowledge may prove vital in the improvement of cancer therapy. As many cancer drugs damage the DNA of rapidly dividing cancer cells, understanding the timing and mechanisms for repairing DNA is essential in developing new drugs and minimising the side effects of current treatments.
“Our work reveals unexpected ways in which cells deal with inherited DNA damage. With the identification of the key proteins driving this process, we have laid the foundation for investigations into potential therapeutic applications”, says Postdoc Julian Spies of the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research at the University of Copenhagen.
Gregor Mendel, through his work on pea plants, discovered the fundamental laws of inheritance. He deduced that genes come in pairs and are inherited as distinct units, one from each parent. Mendel tracked the segregation of parental genes and theirappearance in the offspring as dominant or recessive traits.
Karl, the only son of Holocaust survivors Eliasz and Sabina Skorecki, was born and raised in Toronto, educated at Associated and CHAT, graduated in 1977 Gold medalist from the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Toronto. His postgraduate studies in Boston were followed by Faculty positions at the University of Toronto and affiliated medical centres.
Karl has held several academic and medical leadership positions in Medicine, Nephrology, Genetics and Biomedical research at Rambam Medical Center and the Technion. His main research interest is in the genetics of kidney disease, and the genetic history of Jewish and Near East communities. Ogilvie is a leading expert on biotechnology, bioorganic chemistry and genetic engineering. His scientific accomplishments include the development of the chemistry of the Bio Logicals’ “Gene Machine”, an automated process for the manufacture of DNA. He is the inventor of Ganciclovir, a drug used worldwide to fight infections (CMV) that occur when one’s immune system is weakened. He also developed a general method for the chemical synthesis of large RNA molecules, demonstrated by the first total chemical synthesis or a functional Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecule, which is still the basis for RNA synthesis worldwide. https://youtu.be/qIREPsuYQrI
work cited;
simple.m.wikipedia.org
dictionary.com
kahnacademy.org
DNA Repair and Replication 